Further option for chinas farmland reform(chinese translation included) :: essays research papers

Alternatives for Further Reform in China's Farmland System from "Report of a pilot concentrate on neediness, land surrender and country institutions", delivered by the Department of International Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China, as a team with the FAO Rural Development Division THE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUE in the arrangement of China's current rustic farmland framework fixates on vagueness in the meaning of land proprietorship rights. Notwithstanding specifications in the Constitution and Land Management Law, determining that country land is possessed by the aggregate, it is by and by hazy which of the "three levels of proprietorship'' in the group - People's Communes, creation units and creation gatherings - is alluded to. Besides, regardless of whether it had assigned the proprietorship to a specific level in the group, the issue would again rise up out of the absence of an away from of the group and its enrollment. Added to this vagueness in the responsibility for is the deficiency of the chief land property right, as the State has the power to discard the land, while the rancher involves the rental pay, bringing about a channel ashore income and challenges in land flow. Ãâ€"à Ã¢ ¹Ã£ ºÃ£ Ã£â€"Â'㠦⠵ã„ã…  ©Ã¢'㠥ã…  ©Ã£Å"㠯ãÅ"㠥㠏⠵⠵ã„⠽⠨㠁⠢ãâ€"à Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ¹Ã£ËœÃ¢ ¼Ã£ ¼Ã£Å¾Ã£Å¡Ã£Å"㠢ããšããšã Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã£'㠥ã‰ã Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ²Ã¢ »Ã£Æ'㠷ãˆâ ·[ã„⠣ã€ã ¢Ã£ Ã¢ ½Ã¢ ¿Ã£â€°]⠡⠣⠾⠡⠹ãÅ"㠏ãÅ"⠷⠨⠺㠍㠍㠁⠵ã˜â ¹Ã£Å"ã€ã ­Ã¢ ·Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£Å"㠵⠿㠮ãâ€" ¸Ã£Æ'㠷㠁ã‹ã…  ©Ã¢'㠥㠍㠁⠵ã˜ãšã‡â ¼Ã¢ ¯Ã£Å"㠥ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£Ë†Ã¢ »Ã¢ ¶Ã£ ¸Ã£Ë†Ã£ ½Ã¢ ¸Ã£ ¶Ã£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ ²Ã£ £Ã¢'ãžâ ¡Ã¢ °Ã£Ë†Ã£â€¹Ã£Æ'㠱⠹⠫ã‰ã §Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€°Ã£ ºÃ¢ ²Ã£ ºÃ¢'㠳⠶ã⠣⠬ã‰ã ºÃ¢ ²Ã£ ºÃ£ Ã¢ ¡Ã¢ ¶Ã£Ã¢ ¡Ã¢ ±Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£â€" ¸Ã¢ ²Ã¢ ¢Ã¢ ²Ã¢ »Ã£Æ'㠷ãžã ºÃ¢ ¡Ã¢ £Ã¢'ã‹ã Ã£ ¢Ã¢ ¼Ã¢'ãšâ ¹Ã£â€¹Ã£ ¼Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¨Ã£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ £Ã¢ ©Ã¢ ±Ã¢ »Ã£â€" ¸Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ¢ ½Ã£ Ã£â€¹Ã£'⠻⠸㠶ãÅ"ã˜â ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ ²Ã£ £Ã¢'ãžâ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ¼Ã¢ ¯Ã£Å"㠥⠣â ¬ ãã‰ããšâ ¼Ã¢ ¯Ã£Å"㠥⠼⠰ã†ã ¤Ã¢ ³Ã£â€°Ã£Ã¢ ±Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ±Ã£â€°Ã£â„¢Ã£Æ'㠷ãˆâ ·Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ·Ã¢ ¶Ã£Å¾Ã¢ §Ã¢ ½Ã£ §Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£Å¾Ã£Å¡Ã£Å"㠢⠻⠹ãšã‡â »Ã£ ¡Ã¢ ³Ã£ ¶Ã£ Ã£â€" ¡Ã¢ £Ã£Ã¢ ­Ã£Ã£ ²Ã£â€°Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ²Ã¢ »Ã£ Ã£ ªÃ£â€¢Ã£ »Ã£ Ã£Ã£'⠲⠼ãã‡â ¿Ã£ Ã£â€¹Ã£â€¢Ã£ ¢Ã£â€"Ãâ€" ²Ã¢ »Ã£Æ'㠷ãˆâ ·Ã£ Ã£Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ ±Ã£Ë†Ã£Ë†Ã£ §Ã¢ ¹Ã£ ºÃ¢ ¼Ã£'ã㠐ãˆâ ¨Ã£â€" ªÃ£Ë†Ã£Æ'㠍㠁⠵ã˜â £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ µÃ¢ «Ã£Å¡Ã£â€¡Ã£â€¦  ©Ã£Æ'㠱ã•â ¼Ã£Ã£ Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¨Ã£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ¢ ±Ã¢ »Ã¢ £Ã¢ ©Ã£â€"à ¢Ã£Ã£Æ'⠵ã„ãšã•ãˆã «Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ µÃ¢ ¼Ã£â€"Â㠁ã‹ã Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ£â€¹Ã¢ °Ã£Å¡Ã£â€¢Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ¿Ã£ Ã¢ ½Ã£Ã¿Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ£ Ã£ ·Ã£ Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£â‚¬Ã¢ §Ã£â€žÃ£'⠡â £ In this way, it is important to survey the entire procedure of changes in the farmland framework and locate the right purpose of flight for change. Truth be told, such issues as libertarian control of land, dispersed land the board, flimsiness in farmland agreements and absence of course or proficiency have all come about because of a questionable land possession. When the land proprietor is unmistakably characterized and the key property rights attested, at that point, the farmland's administration, deal, renting (counting ranchers' contracting of aggregate land and re-contracting of their contracted land), acquiring and removal as blessing - all these and different issues of the executives and course would be handily settled. Ã'㠲â'ã‹â £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ »Ã£ËœÃ¢ ¹Ã£â€¹Ã£â€¢Ã£ »Ã¢ ¸Ã£ ¶Ã£â€¦  ©Ã£Å"㠯ãÅ"㠥㠏⠵⠵ã„⠱㠤⠻⠯⠹㠽⠳ãÅ"⠺㠍ã•ã'⠵⠽ã'⠻⠸㠶⠸ã„⠸㠯⠵ã„ã•ã ½Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ·Ã¢ ³Ã£ ¶Ã¢ ·Ã¢ ¢Ã¢ µÃ£ £Ã£Å¡Ã£â€¡Ã¢ ºÃ£Å"⠱ã˜ã'⠪⠵ã„⠡⠣ãšã‚ãšâ µÃ£â€°Ã£ Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€¢Ã£ ¢Ã£ Ã¢ ©Ã£Å¾Ã£Å¡Ã£Å"㠢⠣⠬⠱ãˆãˆã §Ã£â€ Ã¢ ½Ã¢ ¾Ã£ ¹Ã¢ ·Ã£â€"Ã… à ¤Ã£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ ·Ã£â€"É⠢⠵ã„㠍㠁⠵ã˜â ¹Ã£Å"ã€ã ­Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ²Ã¢ »Ã£Å¾Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã£ Ã£Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã£ ·Ã£ Ã¢ ¨Ã£'ã⠼⠰㠐⠧ã„ãÅ"⠵ã„⠲⠻ãâ€"à £Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¼Ã£Å¡Ã£â€¡Ã£Ã£â€°Ã£'⠻⠸㠶ã„⠣⠺㠽⠲⠻ã‡ã ¥Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ ²Ã£ ºÃ£â€°Ã£ ºÃ¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ¡Ã¢ £Ã£'⠻⠵⠩㠍㠁⠵ã˜ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£â€¢Ã£Ã¿Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ·Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€ Ã£ ¤Ã£Ã¢ ­Ã£Ã£ ²Ã£â€°Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ£Æ'⠵⠽ãˆâ ·Ã£Ë†Ã£ Ã¢ £Ã ¢ ¬Ã£Ë†Ã¢ »Ã¢ ºÃ£ ³Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬ Ã…  ©Ã£Å"㠯⠵ã„⠹ãÅ"ã€ã ­Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€šÃ£ ²Ã£â€šÃ£'⠣⠬ãâ€"à ¢Ã£ Ã£Å¾Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ °Ã£ ¼Ã£â‚¬Ã¢ ¨Ã£â€¦  ©Ã£Æ'㠱ã‡â ©Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ©Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ ¬Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¡Ã¢ µÃ£Æ'⠼⠯ãÅ"㠥㠍㠁⠵ã˜â ºÃ£ Ã¢ ¸Ã¢'ã‡â ©[ãã™ã‡â ©Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€" ªÃ£â€¡Ã¢ ©]ã'ã'⠾⠭ã‡â ©Ã¢ ¹Ã£ ½Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ¢ £Ã¢ ©Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£'ã… Â'⠫⠺㠍â'⠦ã€ã ­Ã£Å¾Ã¢ ªÃ£Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ «Ã£Å¾Ã£ ¯ - Ë㠹ã㠐ã•ã ¢Ã£ Ã¢ ©Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£â€ Ã£ ¤Ã£â€¹Ã£ »Ã£'⠻㠐⠩⠹ãÅ"ã€ã ­Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã£ ·Ã£ Ã¢ ¨Ã£â€°Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£Å¾Ã£Å¡Ã£Å"㠢⠽⠫⠻㠡ã⠭ãˆã Ã¢ ¶Ã£ ¸Ã¢ ½Ã£ ¢Ã¢ ¡Ã¢ £ Adhering to and consummating aggregate possession  ¼Ã£ ¡Ã¢ ³Ã£â€"à Ã£ ªÃ£â€°Ã£â€ Ã¢ ¼Ã¢ ¯Ã£Å"㠥ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£â€"Æ Regarding the heading of future change in China's rustic farmland proprietorship, there have been questionable perspectives from scholastic circles and the agrarian part, both of whom have approached with various thoughts. These incorporate the nationalization of country farmland, change and improvement of the current aggregate responsibility for land, private responsibility for just as an arrangement of blended proprietorship. Ãâ€"à Ã£Ã£Å¡Ã£â€"à Ã¢ ¹Ã£ ºÃ£â€¦  ©Ã£Å"㠯ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£Å¾Ã¢'ã€â'⠸ã„⠸㠯⠷⠽㠏㠲⠣⠬ã㠐ã€â'ãâ€"Ãã'⠧ãšã µÃ¢ ½Ã£ §Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£Ã£ Ã£â€¢Ã£ ¹Ã£'㠩⠵ã„⠸㠷ãâ€"Ãâ€" ¼Ã£ »Ã¢ ½Ã£ ¢Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£â€¦  ©Ã£'⠵⠲⠿⠵ã„⠹ã›â µÃ£ £Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£ Ã¢ ½Ã£â€¢Ã£Ã¿Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¼Ã¢'㠸ã€â'⠸㠷ãâ€"Ã⠲⠻㠍⠬⠵ã„㠐㠭⠶ã ã'㠢⠼㠻⠡⠣ã†ã ¤Ã£â€"à Ã¢ °Ã£ ¼Ã£â‚¬Ã¢ ¨Ã£â€¦  ©Ã¢'㠥㠍㠁⠵ã˜â µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ¹Ã£ ºÃ£Ã£ Ã¢ »Ã¢ ¯Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ ¸Ã£â€žÃ¢ ¸Ã£ ¯Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã¢ ¸Ã£â€žÃ¢ ½Ã£ ¸Ã£ Ã£â€"Â'㠦⠵ã„ã…  ©Ã¢'㠥㠍㠁⠵ã˜â ¼Ã¢ ¯Ã£Å"㠥ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£â€"Æ⠣⠬ã‹â ½Ã£Ë†Ã£â€¹Ã£â€¦  ©Ã£Å"㠯ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£â€"Æ⠣⠬ã'ã⠼⠰ã'⠻ãâ€"Ãâ€" »Ã£ ¬Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£â€"Æã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£â€"Æ⠵ã„ãÅ"㠥㠏⠵⠡â £ In light of the qualities of China's rustic land assets and its kin land relationship, the bearing of change in the nation's provincial land framework ought to be the journey for a type of aggregate open possession portrayed by another relationship in property rights (under the precondition of the aggregate open responsibility for) to upgrade the clearness in the relationship of aggregate land property rights.

Modern Tragic Hero Essay -- Character Analysis, Willy Loman

Demise of a Salesman, considered as Author Millers generally practiced and fruitful plays, includes the life of Willy Loman, a hallucinating sales rep with a bombastic arrangement to live the American dream. Thus to the awful occasions of Willy Loman’s life beginning with his father’s deserting, and finishing with his self destruction, Willy Loman never carries on with the existence he has consistently envisioned. Albeit, seemingly defamed as a sad saint, Willy Loman accomplishes the characteristics basic to acknowledge him as an unfortunate legend of current occasions. Regardless of whether Willy Loman is an appalling legend in Death of a Salesman’s has been a subject of discussion since the play’s first creation. Conventional Aristotelian view of a disaster affirms that an appalling legend must be of honorable drop by birth or soul (Nienhuis 2). In any case, Author Miller’s paper â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man,† claims the Aristotelian view, and demands â€Å"the imperfection, or break in the character, is truly nothingâ€and need be nothing, however his innate reluctance to stay uninvolved even with what he imagines to be a test to his dignity.† Miller proclaims that in all catastrophes a legend mirrors an appalling blemish that need not come distinctly through respectable plunge yet through a battle to remain in one’s position. In right now, customary catastrophe neglects to bring out feelings dependent on an absence of direct involvement in saints of respectable position. In this manner, the positio n of a character â€Å"no longer raises our interests, nor our ideas of justice,† as it would have beforehand in light of the fact that we don't live in a period governed by lords and sovereigns (Miller, Tragedy, and the Common Man 3). Today feelings are evoked through the agony and enduring of the regular man on the grounds that as times change so do the people that individuals can relate to.... ... thought about woeful. By the by, Willy’s self destruction cuts the profound into the feelings causing a sentiment of misery for his sake since he energetically attempted to give an incredible life to his family and never could. In a last examination, Willy Loman comes up short, and doesn't fit Aristotle’s severe meaning of a shocking legend. Regardless of the antiquated meaning of a terrible saint, Willy Loman offers to our feelings, has a few grievous defects, and in part understands his wrongs. Hence, Willy Loman is a typical disastrous legend in right now. Times have radically changed since Aristotle, and it is the ideal opportunity for an adjustment in how a lamentable saint is seen. Arthur Miller gives ideal legitimization to a typical appalling saint he states, â€Å"I accept that the regular man is as able a subject for catastrophe in its most noteworthy sense as rulers were† (Miller, Tragedy, and the Common Man 3).

Alpha Delta Phi

Alpha Delta Phi Two months ago, after spending ten disastrous minutes walking in the wrong direction, I saw Random Hall  for the first time. As I walked into my dorm, struggling with my luggage, I barely noticed the five-story structure just across the street, with balconies jutting outwards, bearing in white letters on a green backdrop, three Greek letters. *** A few weeks have passed since freshman orientation, turning it into this blur of free food, information sessions and friendship cultivation that lies buried under a mound of problem sets and midterms. However, each time Im thought-lost enough to tread memory lane, at least two events stand out in my mind. First: I remember being a speck among many one afternoon, staring across a crowded room at a woman who held a little remote control that was constantly directed at the large projected screen behind her. Every few seconds, the words on the screen would morph. Small shuffling sounds would ripple through the room as people rose. She would say something. People would sit. The words would morph again and the pattern would continue. The words were shifting statements, directed at us. If you identify as multi-racial If you identify as a child of a single-parent If you are first-generation If both your parents went to MIT If you intend to major in the humanities The statements spanned all spectrums of human life, from income to political identities, from cultural backgrounds to academic interests. People rose because they had seen statements they identified with. And across this wall of diversity, there was always a statement that reflected as true with a significant number of people. The sense that MIT was a microcosm of the world was enormous, and even in this diverse multitude, we saw gripping similarities. An overwhelming number of students rose to, “If you have fears about your ability to handle the workload” And just because of that, we all knew we would be fine. Second: a recent alum spoke about her experience when she had been coming into MIT, and the jarring effect the new and largely different atmosphere had struck on her. She concluded with: “And the most important thing I learnt to do was to adjust, rather than compromise.” Those words took hold of my mind. I wrote them down on a board in my room. They stuck. Shifting Mindsets Orientation was followed by Rush, a week-long event in which fraternities, sororities and Independent Living Groups tried to get the MIT community, primarily freshmen, to know them. Always on the lookout for free food, I hurried eagerly to the premiere event of Rushâ€"the “Kresge Kickoff”â€"and quickly found myself dealing with an armful of brochures, cards and cookies. “Seen any frat you like yet?” one of my friends asked. “Nope,” I replied. “Dont really plan to join any.” Prior to Rush, my entire idea of fraternities had been merrily supplied by a few American movies Id watched, pictures of wild, endless parties and great academic indifference. I didnt really think anyone in MIT would approach their academic work with indifference, but my overall mindset of a fraternity had solidified itself several years ago, and there was no arguing with it. If I wanted to have a college experience not defined in bulk by beer pongs and drunk friends, Id have to make sure I didnt join a frat. You can probably see this plots resolution even from a satellite orbiting Neptune. Six days later, I pledged to Alpha Delta Phi. What happened? Well, it should be straightforward, right? And it mostly is. While navigating the crowd at the Kresge Kickoff, I met two interesting people wearing green shirts with yellow symbols on the front and a phrase on the back: to be the best of men. One of them, Ryan Shepard, seemed to run on fusion energy and his cheerfulness was infectious. He told me about an ongoing lunch at ADPhi and, one Google Map search later, I was on the way there. Right now, the thought that a phase in my life devoid of ADPhi had existed seems strange. Its integrated so well into my ongoing college experience that heading to ADPhi for dinner takes the same fluid, unstructured effort as going to bed at night. There are a few reasons why. *** I remember staying up late at the ADPhi Library on the ground floor, drawing chromosome structures and trying to wrap my head around recombination frequency to complete a biology p-set. Several ideas seemed to conflict, suggesting my obvious lack of familiarity with the material. One of the ADPhi Brothers walked into the library, stood over my shoulder and watched me make biological blunders of probably illegal intensity. “Geez,” I mumbled to myself. “Is this even going to work?” “Thats kinda right,” he chimed in. Next thing I knew, he was re-explaining the tricky parts of chromosome cross-overs and allele configuration with enough patience and clarity for me to finally realize what Id been doing wrong. My battle with the p-set turned from a bloody warfare to a mildly stinging debacle. Theres an air of comfort in the frat that partly stems from knowing that the brothers there truly look out for you. They dont drag you out of p-sets and into wild parties every day of the week. They sit in their rooms and ask if you want to work on a p-set or play a quick game or go grocery shopping. They ask how your day went and how far youve gone on that one paper youve been saying youll start on for weeks. They merrily announce your goofiest goof-ups to any nearby brother while sticking their tongues out at you. Theres a sense of pride and responsibility that comes from sharing things with people, from looking out for and doing things with them. We take weekly or bi-weekly turns doing some form of house jobâ€"cleaning up after dinner or tidying up the lounges or securing the library books. The added responsibility is not really something we get from dormitories, and while it is in no way essential, you get meaning from just casually thinking about the purpose of those actions. For your brothers. And because no one likes to eat from a grimy plate. We know at least one thing that makes a story great: impeccable plotting that follows from well-constructed characters. Character diversity provides friction, an energy that defines how the characters behave in different situations. A great story that builds on the development of characters leaves you with this feeling of satisfaction, that things are beautifully running together, that characters that seem rather mismatched are able to connect well, that fragments of personalities blend to make a seamless patchwork quilt. This very strong sense of unity is something I see everyday at ADPhi. The Brothers here have reached a point of familiarity that makes their quirks and habits seem intuitive, and being able to blend into that kind of bond makes me happy. In high school, I worked on a handwritten science-fiction series called “Sagittarius”, and one of the elements of the series questioned the validity of something the characters called: “Sequences of the Cosmos”. Its a fairly philosophical question that basically says: “Given an abstract sequence which takes in as input, the singular world as it has existed from the beginning till this very instance, including the people that are part of it and their behaviors, will it produce a single output of the future?” The statement essentially reduces to an argument for or against freewill, and I was still trying to work out the kinks of this sequence when I saw an e-mail from a brother to the ADPhi House about a philosophical discussion on the nature of freewill and a deterministic universe. It was just one of those things people wanted to do for the fun of it, and I gratefully showed up, listened to the different arguments and mentally reconstructed my own sequence. A few nights ago, we sat outside on a patio in the chilly half-darkness and told scary stories. Stories about cackling old men and children-seeking ghosts, about rat-infested towns and congregations of spiders. It was during one of these stories that I realized that the fraternity had definitely become an absolute and effortless part of my life. A few times, for a few reasons, I had wondered why I had pledged, and if that commitment had been worth it, but the self-assurance that I had made the right decision was never far away. I joined ADPhi, because at the end of Rush Week, I had this feeling that I would fit in perfectly. You might want to chime up at this point with the old adage of our ability to fit in anywhere, but I definitely know that there are a few communities in MIT I wouldnt easily fit into. I also know that it was enough to just have spent Rush Week in ADPhi, playing Rock Band with brothers for long, late stretches of hours, battling with angry lobsters during dinner and having their innards splash all over my shirt, doing these different fun things with these different fun people. It had been enough to spend all that time there, and get that nearly clairvoyant sense that I would always want to be around these people, not just when I was having fun, but when I began grazing low rocks and hitting hard times. Rush had finally come to end. My roommate and I had received bids from ADPhi. I was trying to make sense of my thoughts when my roommate asked, “Are you going to pledge?” I thought of Rock Band and lobster and a few dozen smiling faces wearing shirts that said, “To be the Best of Men”. I thought of conversations and my growing ease and of what it would mean to not see these people again. Finally, I felt a glimmer of that obstinate mindset that frats would add no value to my college experience, and I understood that it was completely false. I had had immense fun with a lot of the events the ADPhi Brothers had put up, but what struck me about my ease came from the brothers themselvesâ€"the ones that would never stop talking about past antics, that were three seconds away from making an outrageously funny joke or a super-weird statement, that had spent a crazily long time talking to me about my interests and their hometowns. I didnt have to compromise my values to adjust my initial obstinate mindset. Adjust, dont compromise. “Yeah,” I replied, smiling a little, because I was lucky to have brothers I cared about, and brothers that cared about me. “Im going to.” Post Tagged #ADPhi

The And Target Reduce Suicide Rates - 1431 Words

LHI and Target: Reduce suicide rates from 11.3 to 10.2 per 100,000 population Target Population: Montana residents 5-14 years old Determinants: Age group, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic location The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Vital Statistics reported that Suicide was the 10th leading of cause of death within the United States in 2013, accounting for approximately 41,149 deaths per year or 112 deaths per day (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). The CDC Division of Violence Prevention defines suicide as â€Å"death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with any intent to die as a result of the behavior† (CDC, 2015, pg. 1). Suicide rates have continued to rise each year since 2000, despite being identified as a leading health indicator in Healthy People 2010 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d.). Suicide rates are expressed by the number of suicide deaths that occur for every 100,000 in a population. In 2012, suicide rates increased to 12.3 per 100,000 compared to data from 2000, which reported 10.4 suicide deaths per 100,000. According t o records from 1999-2013, suicide rates in Montana have been consistently higher than the national average (Montana Vital Statistics, 2013). The current Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicator goal is to reduce the suicide rate from 11.3 to 10.2 suicide deaths per 100,000 population (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2015). Suicide is a national andShow MoreRelatedSuicidal Behaviors1421 Words   |  6 Pagesbehaviors often feel hopeless which contributes to these behaviors and can lead to suicide attempts or succession. Recognizing these behaviors can save someone’s life, being compassionate, empathetic, and proactive can greatly reduce an individual’s suicide behavior. The goal is to recognize these behaviors and get help for these individuals quickly. â€Å"In the past three decades, there has been a dramatic increase in rates of suicidal behavior, including suicidal thoughts, attempts, and death.† (BeautraisRead MoreUse Of No Suicide Contracts With Mentally Ill Patients1439 Words   |  6 Pagesof the evidence around the use of no-suicide contracts with mentally ill patients experiencing suicidal ideation. It will ask the question â€Å"When treating mentally ill patients, does the use of ‘No- Suicide contracts reduce suicide outcomes?†. Suicide is a global concern and given the current social and economic difficulties current society face, is imperative we continue to consider effective suicide prevention strategies. The literature suggests that no suicide contracts are widely used within thisRead MoreHealth Outcomes1611 Words   |  7 PagesSystem (YRBSS) presented below (See Appendix Table.1-2), both sets of data indicate the continued prevalence of youth violence. Evidence is accumulating that concludes those perpetrators of violent offenses have mental health issues at greater rates than the non-offending population. Therefore, the juvenile justice system is a logical point of intervention for these mental health issues (Ferguson, 2010). Early recognition of those mental health issues that predispose youth to violence could beRead MoreEssay On Military Veterans1027 Words   |  5 Pagesthe â€Å"disproportionate rate of suicide in the veteran population may be due to various risk factors†, including symptoms of PTSD and depression (p.100). Their study population was comprised of 545 military veterans who completed a Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire indicating a link between higher PTSD related suicide and depression (p. 100). McKinney et al. (2017) found that â€Å"Depression, as well as other disorders, often serves as a mediator of the relation between PTSD and suicide risk† (p.101).    TheRead MoreUnderstanding The Link Between Gender Role Conflict, Resilience, And Victimization997 Words   |  4 PagesThis leads to the problem of suicide. Within the article Understanding the Link Between Gender Role Conflict, Resilience, and Propensity for Suicide in Adolescent and Emerging Adult Males, multiple authors focuses mainly on suicide rates in adolescent males. Suicide is a major contribution to death among people between the ages 10-24 with â€Å"28.5% of youth ages 10-24 feeling frequent sadness or hopelessness, 13% making a suicide plan, and 8.4% of youth attempting suicide† (Galligan et al. 202). ThisRead MoreThe Louisville Urban League980 Words   |  4 Pagesinitiative three years ago after a triple homicide had taken place. The effects of the homicide had long lasting effects on the children. The mayor decided to create a task force to reduce violence and that is when the Zones of Hope Initiative was born. Zones of Hope is â€Å"an organized, organic, g rassroots effort to reduce violence and provide hope.† The initiative is focused in five neighborhoods: California, Russell, Newburg, Parkland, and Shawnee. The way these neighborhoods are chosen are determinedRead MoreThe Hot Topic of the Decade: Gun Control1278 Words   |  6 Pagesoutlier in both high levels of gun possession and high rates of homicide compared to other industrialised countries. Homicides are much more likely to involve guns in the USA. In 2009, 67% of slaughters were committed with a gun compared to one-third in Canada. Although critics argue owning a gun can help to ensure our own safety, it is still harmful to society because most violent crimes are perpetrated with guns, the risk of death increases and suicides are higher with gun availability. First of allRead MoreModern Day Bullying And Its Effect On Education1415 Words   |  6 Pagessubjected to at various life stages. Despite the fact that bullying can affect and involve more than just students, it is most prevalent among the school age population. Unfortunately, this also means that there are deep rooted ties to violence and suicide amongst youth in America. There are many contributors to such behavior, some of which have only yet to be explored as we are at the forefront of what is considered to be the digital age. However, bullying is not a new age idea exclusive to the 21stRead MorePrevention And Intervention Strategies For Vietnam Veterans1701 Words   |  7 Pagesideation (Maguen et al, 2015). 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As seen by the statistics stated above, health behaviors that are necessary to target are depression and suicide in college students at the University of Maryland, College

The Ask and the Answer by Patrick Ness Book Review

The Ask and The Answer by Patrick Ness is a book that teaches people how to respond to different kind of situations, it defines the real nature of human beings, how we feel and how we make our choices. The war Mr. Ness argues he portrays that there is no good nor bad deed, he impersonates Todd and Viola with characters of making hard decisions that might seam bad to others and good to other people at the same time. The characters are held between the hard choices to make with hash consequences to follow suit. The reader becomes personally involved for the loyalty and the mess that proceeds. President Prentiss is a dictator and who forces people to follow whatever he deems fit, for instance he captures Todd and Viola, and in fact tells Todd that he is the one who killed the Spackle. Mistress Coy on the other hand is portrayed as an activist who fights for the rights and also she is involved in bombing of the New Prentiss Town (the Speckle war; â€Å"The Answer†). Mayor Leger is kidnapped for doing nothing but he remains loyal to the President.   The president forms a counter intelligent group known as â€Å"The Question† to counter â€Å"The Answer†. Patrick the author displays the president as an inhuman person whereby he kills his own son David, even after the son struggles for his approval. The book is climaxes when Todd holds president Prentiss hostage in the same room where Todd had been held captive. This leaves readers in stitches as the villain becomes the victim. At last Viola and Lee who were on the verge of death are freed. Works Cited Ness, Patrick. The Ask and the Answer: Chaos Walking. New York: Walker Books, 2009.Print

Romanticism Resource Page Free Essays

After reviewing the Romanticism resource page, list three characteristics of Romanticism. Also, identify three authors of the Romantic period. Using the Transcendentalism resource page, list three characteristics of Transcendentalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Romanticism Resource Page or any similar topic only for you Order Now How did Transcendentalists feel about nature? What did Transcendentalists feel about the inherent nature of human beings (were humans inherently good or evil)? Transcendentalists believe that individuals â€Å"transcend† by learning from and living in harmony with nature. Thoreau put this philosophy into practice by living alone in a cabin he built himself at Walden Pond for two years (1845 -1847). Thoreau’s experiences during this period provided him with the material for his masterwork Walden (1854). The quote below is from Walden. Describe two specific things Thoreau learned about life by translating the lines below in your own words: â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived†¦. I wanted to live deeply and suck out all the marrow of life. † (Walden) Which two great passive resistance leaders were influenced by the premise of Transcendentalism through the works of Thoreau and Emerson? Click on the following link to read Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"Annabel Lee† Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe After reviewing the Romanticism resource page and the poem, identify two characteristics of Romanticism found in this poem. Identify specific examples (lines) in the poem that represent each of the characteristics you have chosen. After identifying the lines, explain (in your own words) how the lines represent the characteristics of Romanticism. For example: line 3 â€Å"my love was a love† is an example of idealism because†¦ Using the links below, find one quote from Emerson and one from Thoreau that best exemplifies your definition of Transcendentalism. Be sure to include your explanation of why each of these quotes relates to your perception of Transcendentalism†¦ How to cite Romanticism Resource Page, Essay examples

Marketing Law Selling and Advertising

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Law for Selling and Advertising. Answer: In this assignment, the key issues of marketing law related selling and advertising need to be discussed as the company has developed a program for the purpose of marketing a noble fitness programme in which latest gym equipment and personalized fitness training is offered to the Australian consumers in their homes. In this regard the law provides that when selling advertising their products or services of the company, the company should be aware of the relevant regulations in other to make sure that the consumers are not being misled by the company. For this purpose, the following list of regulations need to be considered by the company violated is conducting its marketing activities related with the fitness program that it is going to offer to the Australian consumers. The law provides that when the company is advertising or marketing its products or services, there are a number of regulations that need to be complied.[1] The first regulations are related misleading and deceptive conduct. In this regard the Australian Consumer Law[2] provides that by promoting its products or services, the company is required to make sure that any branding, statement or any other representation made by the company in this process is not false or misleading for the consumers.[3] In this regard, component pricing can be described as a situation where the company has displayed or advertise the price of a product or service in separate parts. An example in this regard can be given a where the single price of the car has been displayed by the company and the additional on road costs are mentioned separately. In this regard the law provides that if the company is using component pricing, it is required by the Australian consumer law that the company should also mention t he full price, inclusive of the additional costs prominently to the consumers. The law also prohibits bait advertising. In this context, bait advertising[4] can be described as the situation where the manufacturers or the supplier had advertised a product at a particular price but a reasonable supply of the product at such prices not available.[5] According to the law, bait advertising has been prohibited in the business of selling the product even after being aware of the fact that it cannot meet the expected demand. If any competition, promotion or lottery over a particular amount has been offered by the company, such offers above a certain amount may be regulated by a permit. The company is also required to note that it has to make sure that any statement related to the products and services of the company should be true and accurate and should be able to be substantiated. In this regard, fines have been prescribed for the businesses if they mislead the consumers. In this regard it also needs to be noted by the company that it is immaterial if the false or misleading statement has been made intentionally or otherwise by the company. Therefore it is illegal for the company to make statements if such statement is incorrect or it is likely to result in creating a false impression.[6] This includes the statements or the advertisements made in any media like radio, television, print or social media or if the statement has been made on the packaging of the product. It also includes any statement that has been made by a person who represents the business. Therefore, for example the company is required to make sure that it does not be any false or misleading clai ms regarding the quality, price, value or the benefits provided by the goods or services or any related warranty or guarantee. At the same time, the law also prohibits using false testimonials or "passing off". It also needs to be mentioned that when it is being examined if the conduct of the company is likely to mislead or deceive the consumers, in this regard it will be considered if the overall impression created by the statement of conduct was false or inaccurate.[7] The Australian Consumer Law is a part of the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010. This is a national law and is applicable throughout Australia. The result is that the same protections have been provided to the consumers and in the same way, the responsibilities and obligations of the businesses are also the same throughout Australia. This law has been introduced with a view to provide protection to consumers and also to ensure fair trading.[8] The ACL covers several key areas related with marketing and selling. This includes the misleading and deceptive conduct by the businesses. For this purpose, puffery, disclaimers and small print, silence, predictions and opinions are also covered by this legislation. The false and misleading representations include testimonials. At the same time, the ACL also provide certain consumer guarantees to the consumers. Therefore the effect of including these consumer guarantees in the ACL is that the parties cannot remove or restrict the application of these consumer guarantees. In the present case also, when the company is going to offer its fitness program which includes state of the art gym equipment as well as home based training for the consumers, the company is required to keep in mind the above mentioned legal issues. At the same time, the company should also be aware of bundling practices that are commonly used in the fitness industry and such knowledge should be sufficient for defusing any misleading nature of the advertisement. Similarly, the company is also required to make sure that the advertisements are not of the nature that the consumers only observe the dominant message or its general thrust.[9] Therefore, for example if the company is going to offer an attractive membership plan to the consumers, it is necessary that all parts of the plan should be given equal significance and in the same way, the cost and benefits of the individual parts need to be highlighted equally. Bibliography Amanda Bodger and Melissa Monks, (2010) Getting in the Red over Green: The Risks with Green Marketing 3(3) Journal of Sponsorship 284, 284 Carter, JW, Carter on Contracts (LexisNexis Butterworths, Australia Downes, J, The Australian Consumer Law (2011) 19 AJCCL 5 Finn, P, Unconscionable Conduct (1994) 8 JCL 37 Meagher, R P, Heydon, J D and Leeming, M J, Meagher Gummow and Lehanes Equity: Doctrines and Remedies (4th ed, LexisNexis Butterworths, Australia, 2002 Samuel, G, The Australian Consumer Law an ACCC perspective (2011) 19(1) AFCCL 27 Seddon, N C and Ellinghaus, M P, Cheshire and Fifoots Law of Contract (9th Australian edition, LexisNexis Butterworths, Australia, 2008) Legislation s29 Australian Consumer Law s35 Australian Consumer Law

11 Signs You’ve “Made It” in America

11 Signs You’ve â€Å"Made It† in America Have you been plugging away nonstop, gunning for success, for years? Maybe you’ve been trying really hard to be the big shot you know you can be, but you just aren’t sure when you can take a moment to rest on your laurels and give yourself a pat on the back. Here are a few signs that you’re well on your way to- if not already- living the new American Dream.1. You have a job.Don’t discount this accomplishment in today’s economy- particularly not if you’re still in your twenties. As long as you’re on that ladder somewhere, and can pay your bills and health insurance, rent your own space, and feed yourself decently healthy food, you’re well on your way. Being able to take care of your own basic needs is not to be undervalued.2. People respect you.You’ve gained respect the right way, by proving yourself to be trustworthy, decent, honest, and a good listener. More than that, people listen to you when you speak and value your o pinions.3. You have hobbies.Hobbies mean you do more than just drink your paycheck and waste time with your friends. They mean you have enough leisure time in addition to your career to pursue other, non-work-related passions. Congrats, you’re becoming a whole person.4. You can travel.If you can afford to take a trip without breaking the bank- a real vacation, then you’ve made it. If you can take multiple trips per year, some abroad, then, well, you’re totally living the dream. And if you can fly first class?5. You have goals.Whether career, personal, or material, you’ve got end points and milestones in mind and are constantly working towards them.6. You own stuff.Do you own your apartment or house, or a car? Either way, no matter how fancy, you’ve really gotten to a majorly mature and successful place. Congrats!7. You can afford stuff.You’re not in a blind panic about how you’ll afford retirement or your kids’ private school o r college education. You might not have it all sorted out, but you have a plan, and you’re saving away as much as possible.8. You have money in your accounts.It’s hard enough to live paycheck to paycheck in your twenties. It’s even harder to break out of that habit and carry a healthy balance month to month. If you have more than $7k in your checking account, you’re basically killing it. And if you have over $30k in your savings, you are doing extraordinarily well.9. You have a second home.If you have a holiday home, no matter how rustic, you’re already in the elite set of second-home owners. You own â€Å"luxury real estate!† That’s huge!10. You can pay for stuff.If a new gadget comes out, or you want to take a weekend trip, or pick up the tab for a group dinner out, you can do so without tons of hemming and hawing. You never have to go to the ladies’ room to check your bank balance on your phone- you just lay down that cash w ithout cringing.11. You shop at the fancy grocery store.If you can do regular shops at Whole Paycheck, then you’re really doing well in this world. So buy yourself that eight dollar juice and walk smugly through the aisles. You’ve really made it.

Central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 N.E.2d 506, Ct. C.P. Cuyahoga Cty. OH 1961 Essays

Central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 N.E.2d 506, Ct. C.P. Cuyahoga Cty. OH 1961 Essays Central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 N.E.2d 506, Ct. C.P. Cuyahoga Cty. OH 1961 Paper Central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 N.E.2d 506, Ct. C.P. Cuyahoga Cty. OH 1961 Paper Sports and the Law: Case Presentation N. E. central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 N. E. 2d 506, ct. C. P. Cuyahoga cty. OH 1961 1. Facts of the Case The plaintiff in this case is Central NY Basketball, Inc. , who owns the Syracuse Nationals of the National Basketball league (NBA). There are two defendants: Richard Barnett, a #1 draft choice of the plaintiff in 1959, and Cleveland Basketball Club, Inc. , who owns the Cleveland Pipers of the American Basketball league (ABL). The defendant, Barnett, is currently under contract with the plaintiff. 2. Procedure This case was heard in the Court of Common Pleas in Cleveland, Ohio, which would be considered to be on the trial court level. 3. Law in Question The law in question would be breach of contract by the defendants. 4. What is the issue? The defendant, Richard Barnett, played for the plaintiff in both the year he was drafted 1959 and the following season in 1960 under a signed and executed Uniform Player Contract of the National Basketball Association. This contract also included an option for the plaintiff to renew said contract for an additional year. The breach of contract occurred when the defendant, Barnett, refused to play with and for the plaintiff during the 1961-62 season. Barnett made and entered into an American Basketball League with the defendant, Cleveland Basketball Club, Inc. , to render his services for the 1961-62 season. The plaintiff claims that it cannot be properly compensated for damages in an action at law for the loss of Barnetts services and is petitioning for Barnett to not be allowed to play for the defendant, Cleveland Basketball Club, Inc. 5. Holding The court ultimately ruled in favor of the plaintiff, and the injunction request for the 1961-62 season was granted and after that season would be dissolved. 6. Courts Reasoning The courts reasoning for their decision was that there was no adequate and complete remedy at law and the injury to the plaintiff is irreparable. 7. My opinion I completely agree with the decision made by the court to refuse the defendant, Barnett, from playing for the co-defendant Cleveland Basketball Club, Inc. In the case Cleveland Basketball Club, Inc. ies to Justify entering into a contract with Barnett because he does not possess great skill but they do still acknowledge that he is under contract with the plaintiff. So no matter the skill level he is still under contract, which means that he cannot enter into another one until the current one is over. Eventually after the court ruled in favor of the plaintiff both teams did however come to an agreement where Barnett was allowed to play for the Cleveland Pipers of the ABL. Central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 2d 506, Ct. C. P. Cuyahoga cty. OH 1961 By demarchi411

THE BLIND ASSASSIN BOOK BY MAGARET ATWOOD (Book Report) Essay

THE BLIND ASSASSIN BOOK BY MAGARET ATWOOD (Book Report) - Essay Example This sense that somehow Iris was once whole and is now damaged is communicated, when she calls herself â€Å"†¦a brick-strewn vacant lot where some important building used to stand.† (Atwood 43)1 It becomes clear later that her ruin is of her own making, brought about through her deliberate blindness towards her own motivations that underlay the choices she made. Thus she says: I did believe, at first, that I only wanted justice. I thought my heart was pure. We do like to have such good opinions of our own motives when we’re about to do something harmful, to someone else. (497) In old age, Iris is painfully aware of at least some of her motives. However, she is still not entirely honest because it is quite clear that she knew ‘back then’ as well. Thus â€Å"we do like to have such good opinions of our own motives† (497) communicates a sense of ‘deliberate’ self-deception. Her primary punishment is reserved for Laura, for the role she played in the lives of Richard and Alex and perhaps also because she was ‘good’. She also vindictively destroyed her husband’s career. What was it she wanted? Nothing much. Just a memorial of some kind. But what is a memorial, when you come right down to it, but a commemoration of wounds endured? Endured and resented. Without memory there is no revenge.† (508) Revenge then was what Iris had wanted all along. This manifests itself also clearly in the spiteful way in which she communicates Alex’s death to Laura. â€Å"Laura, I hate to tell you this, I said, but whatever it was you did, it didn’t save Alex. Alex is dead.† (488) This ‘whatever’ Laura did to save Alex was giving in to Richard’s sexual demands and Iris was fully aware of Laura’s ‘martyr’ mindset. Her sister had been a heavy burden to the young Iris and once, after Laura tried to sacrifice herself for her dead mother, Iris had been close to ‘letting go’. Now destroying Laura’s

Family centred care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Family centred care - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that the family plays a vital role in the nursing of the patient. Since the discovery of this fact, there has been vast interest on the topic of family-centered care. For purposes of establishing the role of the nurse in family centered care, the essay has its basis on a case study. The patient, Joan, who is in hospital, has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. It is evident that she has a family, a husband. In planning the discharge of this patient, the nurse has to consider a number of issues. Some of these issues are the feelings that her husband has, and the fact that he may be unable to cope with her condition, managing Joan’s agitation, assessing the risk that the disease brings about to Joan. In addition, the nurse should consider the stress that Joan’s disease puts on the relationship between the members of the family and the possibility that the family might have limited knowledge on the disease and may need guidance on how to cope. The paper will focus on four major topics with regard to family centered care. The first of these is the risk posed by Alzheimer’s. Secondly, the paper will look into the issue of the stress that Joan’s sickness could cause on the relationship between members of her family. The third topic entails the possible reasons for Joan’s agitation and the best way to manage it. The last issue to be discussed is the feeling that the family members may have towards Joan, and with regard to her condition and the part, they play in caring for her.... This kind of care, the institute adds, is applicable to patients of all age groups, and is recommended in all settings that deal with health care. This would mean that for the sake of quick recuperation of patients, the family would have to be heavily involved in the process of nursing, while acquiring relevant and vital information on what steps to take from the nurse in charge of their sick relatives. In the case study, Joan has dementia. Joan is set for discharge from the health facility where she has been. Family centered care begins from within the hospital. This means that the family is also heavily involved in the decision to discharge. At this point, the family needs to get reassurance that Joan is in a stable enough condition to go home. In addition, the dependent state of the patient warrants their involvement for purposes of establishing whom her primary caregivers will be and where she will be living (Davidson et al. 2007). Before the nurse releases her into the care of h er family, it is important that they come up with a family care plan that will aid in assessing the situation at home (Gulanick & Myers 2011). An example of the nurse’s family care plan is as shown. Table 1: Family care Plan for Joan with dementia Family Problem Goal of care Objectives of Care Intervention Measures Method of nurse-family contact Resources Evaluation -little knowledge on risks posed by Alzheimer’s . - possible source of stress for family - patient agitated - To put the patients at ease -Prevention of self-harm by patient Enabling the family to empathize with the situation and learn the understand the sickness -provide health teachings to the family on Alzheimer’s

Principles of Construction Management

Principles of Construction Management Contents (Jump to) 1. Gulick’ 7 Functions 2. Fayol 3. Management Theories 4. Challenges Managing People in Construction 5. Conclusion 6. Bibliography Word Count 2070 1. Gulick’ 7 Functions In 1937, social scientists Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick (Papers on the Science of Administration) describe seven â€Å"major activities and duties of any higher authority or organisation†. Since then, the acronym POSDCORB has been used to describe the 7 functions of managers: This essentially refers to the various steps or stages involved in a typical administrative process. POSDCORB stands for: Planning: This essentially refers to establishing a broad outline of the work to be completed and the procedures required to implement them. Organising: Organising involves establishing a structure of authority, formally classifying, defining and synchronising the various sub-processes or subdivisions of the work to be done. Staffing: This involves recruiting and selecting the right candidates for the job and facilitating their orientation and training whilst maintaining quality in their work and their environment. Directing: This comprises of continual decision making and delegating structured instructions and orders to execute them. Coordinating: This basically refers to arranging and piecing together the various components of the work. Reporting: Reporting involves regularly updating knowledge about the progress or the work related activities. The information dissemination can be through records or inspection. Budgeting: Budgeting involves all the activities that fall under Auditing, Accounting, and Control. POSDCORB generally fits into the Classical Management movement, being classified as an element of scientific management. Gulick’s POSDCORB principles were instrumental in highlighting the theory of span of control, or limits on the number of people one manager could supervise, as well as unity of command to the fields of management and public administration. For Luther Gulick, the central problem of administration was determining how to achieve the coordination and control necessary to accomplish organisational objectives. His solution was to establish a strong chief executive to counter the divisive aspects of increasing specialisation and division of labour. 2. Fayol Gulick and Urwick built their ideas on the earlier 14 Principles of Management by Henri Fayol in his book General and Industrial Management (1918). Fayol defined theory as â€Å"a collection of principles, rules, methods, and procedures tried and checked by general experience† (Fayol 1918) Fayols 14 Principles Division of Work Authority and Responsibility Discipline Unity of Command Unity of Direction Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest Remuneration of Personnel Centralisation Scalar Chain (line of authority with peer level communication) Order Equity Stability of Tenure of Personnel Initiative Esprit de Corps Fayol’s influence on Gulick is evident in the 5 elements of management discussed in his book. Fayol clearly believed personal effort and team dynamics were part of an â€Å"ideal† organisation. Planning – examining the future and drawing up plan which areas of action Organising – building up the structure (labour and material) of the undertaking Command- maintaining activity among the personnel Co-ordination – unifying and harmonising activities and efforts. Control – seeing everything that occurs conforms with policies and practices. Fayol’s five principle roles (Plan, Organise, Command, Co-ordinate, and Control) of management are still actively practiced today. The idea of giving authority with responsibility is also widely commented on and is well practiced, though his principles of â€Å"unity of command† and â€Å"unity of direction† are not adhered to in the structure of choice in many of today’s companies. 3.0 Management Theories There are several important management theories which basically classified are as follows: The Scientific Management School such as the works of Frederick W. Taylor and Lillian Gilbreth’s motion study, The Classical Organisational Theory School such as the works of Henri Fayol’s views on administration, and Max Weber’s idealised bureaucracy, The Behavioural School with the work of Elton Mayo and his associates. Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims (Koontz and Weihrich 1990, p. 4). Theories provide an understanding of what we encounter. A theory provides criteria for what is relevant. Theories enable us to communicate effectively and develop more and more complex relationships with other people. Theories make it possible to keep learning about our professions with continuous development. Management Theories Since the late 1800’s management theories and scientific approaches have been produced by a number of people such as Henri Fayol, Fredrick Taylor, Elton Mayo, Henry Gantt and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. These people introduced the classical and scientific approaches and over the years developed these principles through their working careers. These styles have changed, merged and stayed the same depending of the person implementing their ideas and the type of company they work for. The traditional classical approach started around the beginning of the 19th century and mainly focused on efficiency together with bureaucratic, scientific and administrative styles of management. The bureaucratic style of management tends to rely heavily on a structure of guidelines such as rules and procedures. While the scientific approach to management mainly focuses on â€Å"the best way to do a job† and the administrative style really emphasises the flow of information in the operation of the organisation. Later towards the end of the 20th century the empowerment style was developed and as a result helped give the employee a sense of responsibility. This was done by offloading some of managements work onto the shop floor and turn gave the employee a sense achievement and direction at work. Modern Theories of Management, Human Relations Douglas McGregor (1906-1964): Who is best known for his formulation of two sets of assumptions- Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor argued that managers should shift their traditional views of man and work (which he termed Theory X) to a new humane views of man and work (which he termed Theory Y). According to McGregor, A theory X attitudes man was lazy and work was bad were both pessimistic and counterproductive. Theory X assumes that people have little ambition, dislike work, want to avoid responsibility, and need to be closely supervised to work effectively. Theory Y, proposed that man wanted to work and work was good. Theory Y offers a positive view, assuming that people can exercise self-discipline, accept responsibility and consider work to be as natural as rest and play. McGregor believed that Theory Y encompassed the true nature of workers and should guide management practice.   Ã‚   Fig 1. Douglas McGregor Theory X and Y. Scientific management – This type of management was introduced by Frederick Taylor and focuses on the worker and machine relationship and as a result of this approach helps increase productivity by increasing the efficiency of the production processes and as a result of his research, Ford Motor Co. embraced this style of management. This type is also designed so that each member of staff has a specified, well controlled task that can be performed as instructed. Time and motion – Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed this method by focusing on identifying the individual motions of a task. These motions were combined to form both the methods of each operation and the time it took to carry out each task. They believed it was possible to design and time the method of each task in advance, rather than relying upon observation of trial and error. Administrative Management – Henry Gantt developed the Gantt chart, which is used for scheduling overlapping tasks over a period of time. Gantt charts have since become a common technique for representing the phases and activities of a working project and break down the structure so they can be understood by all. Gantt’s management approach focused on motivational schemes and as such emphasised heavily on rewarding staff for good work as opposed to disciplining them over poor work. He also looked at the quality of management skills in building effective industrial organisations. Motivation – Abraham Maslow developed the human relations and behaviour theory in the 1950/60s by distinguishing between what motivates people to do certain activities. His theory suggested that people had to satisfy one level of need before moving onto the next and this in turn resulted in what ultimately motivates people / staff. This is shown in the pyramid illustration as shown below. Fig 2 . Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Empowerment – This style of management is a modern theory and was developed in the early 90’s and basically gives the employee a sense of power at work. This is carried out by the employee being authorised by their superior to carry out certain duties without the need to seek approval from above. This type gives the employee a sense of responsibility and achievement while helping to reduce the workload of their boss and in turn cuts down the amount of work the manager has to do as they have delegated certain responsibilities. 4. Challenges Managing People in Construction As highlighted in numerous government and academic reports (Latham, 1994; Egan, 1998, Fairclough, 2002), the construction industry is a sector of the economy which faces many challenges, especially in terms of performance. There are many challenges facing a construction manager. Many challenges are a result of construction operations, while others are a result of indirect activities. A number of challenges are not construction related issues but must be addressed and managed by the construction manager. These issues include workforce/labour considerations, safety, time, and the changing nature of construction work. The construction industry in general is a labour intensive industry and the role of construction manager is to manage people in a strategic and tactical way. One way of managing people would be a classical theory on human behaviour / relations such as Elton Mayo’s on motivation, as a group working dynamics will always have an impact on the projects performance. The term group working dynamics refers to the attitudes, energy and interaction of its group’s members and leaders. The groups working dynamics will always be dependent on the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the project depending on the coordinated efforts of staff working together as a team. Human resource is the most valuable asset in construction industry. Human resource practices are generally concerned with gaining value through increased skills, productivity, contribution, and cost consciousness and productivity are the important factors affecting the overall success of any construction project. Human resource management is the process of finding out what people want from their work, what an organization wants from its employees, and then matching these two sets of needs. Construction projects depend on the knowledge and skills of planning and executing the work. The quality of this most important resource: people, which is what differentiates one team or company from another. Having talented management on board to guide and direct a project is paramount. Having the right balance of skilled and unskilled workers to perform the work is a basic necessity. Finding and recruiting sufficient numbers of skilled, talented people is becoming increasing difficult. There are many reasons this is a problem. One of which is construction is generally viewed as being one of the least desirable industries in which to work. By nature construction is dangerous, dirty, hard work. Other industries out there offer preferred work environments that are cleaner, safer, and generally more desirable. Consequently, there is a severe shortage of talented people willing to work in construction. In order to maximise long term performance, it is important to provide the training necessary to enlighten your workforce. Leadership must be developed among the workforce to aid in effectively coordinating work activities by providing communication links between management and labour. This provides the opportunity for upward mobility and gives motivated people the chance to advance professionally. Empowerment leads to high levels of commitment, enthusiasm, self-motivation, productivity, and innovation. Benefits of this include feelings of appreciation, belonging, and heightened self-worth. Empowerment enables employees to make decisions for which they are accountable and responsible. Empowerment of workforce is one of the keys to improving construction performance. 5. Conclusion – The management theories that have been discussed, important as they are, have to be translated in practice by construction managers, For practicality, all construction managers must develop three sets of skills, namely; conceptual, technical, and human ( Fleet and Perterson 1994, p. 25). A good construction manager should also be able to see members of the organisation as human beings who have needs and psychological feelings and emotions. The development of management theory involves the development of concepts, principles, and techniques. There are many theories about management, and each one ad to our knowledge of what managers should do. Each one has its own characteristics and advantages as well as limitations. The operational, or management process combines each and systematically integrates them. The styles of management best suited to construction are a blend of all described above whilst trying to motivate staff using both the autocratic and democratic approaches because of the need to be one type of boss with one employee and another with somebody else. This is extremely prevalent when dealing with health and safety where and autocratic authoritative style is a prerequisite to the success of reducing the risk of accidents on site. Therefore a manager who makes definitive attempts to translate theory into practice is more likely to increase productivity than a manager who chooses to use the trial and error method of management. 6. Bibliography Egan, J (1998) Rethinking construction: report of the construction task force on the scope for improving the quality and efficiency of UK construction, DETR, London. Fairclough, J., (2002), Rethinking construction innovation and research: A review of government RD policies and practices, Department of Trade and Industry, London Fayol, H. (1949). General and Industrial Management. (C. Storrs, Trans.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman Sons, LTD. (Original work published 1918) Fryer, B. (2004) The Practice of Construction Management, 4th Ed, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Gulick, L. H. (1936). Notes on the Theory of Organization. L. Gulick L. Urwick (Eds.), Papers on the Science of Administration. Koontz Harold and Weihrich Heinz (1990) Essentials of Management, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill. Latham, M., (1994), Constructing the team, HMSO, London Oxley, R. And Poskitt, J. (2007) Management Techniques Applied to the Construction Industry, 5th Ed, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Winch, G.M. (2008). Managing Construction Projects, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Websites Figure 1 taken from Beta Codex Network (2008) The Way People Are [Online] available from http://www.betacodex.org/de/node/508 [Accessed February 2014] Figure 2 taken from Maslows hierarchy of needs [Online] available from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslows_hierarchy_of_needs [Accessed February 2014] S150-943

What Is the Importance of Leonard’s Body Tattoos in Memento?

Memento (2000) is a movie directed by Christopher Nolan that follows the life of Leonard, a man who, after an accident, suffers from short-term memory loss. When Lenny tries to save his wife from a possible rape, he hits his head on the floor damaging the way his brain functions, losing his capacity to create new memories. Every action of the film is set around a single objective; the relentless pursuit of the alleged murderer of Leonard’s wife.In order to be able to follow up the mystery, Lenny has developed a system where he writes up notes to himself, takes pictures of important people and events, and, most importantly, tattoos his body with important â€Å"facts† to remember clues as he tracks his wife’s murderer. Lenny’s tattoos are extremely important in Memento (2000) once they provide a memory trigger for the protagonist, building up his feelings of anger and revenge; they are key in character development and essential for the framework story.Lenny ’s tattoos are a memory source for the protagonist, allowing him to remember the murder and building up mixed emotions regarding the case. The character has different tattoos in the front part of his body representing what he believes are facts and key pieces on the murder of his wife. One of them in particular, located on his chest and written backwards says: â€Å"John G. raped and murdered my wife†. Lenny’s tattoos not only helps the protagonist remember his goal, to catch and kill whoever it was who hurt his wife, but also feeds his feelings of revenge and anger towards the killer.When Lenny believes he has uncovered Teddy as being the killer of his wife, for example, he quickly catches sight of his tattoo establishing a casual connection that motivates him to go after Teddy and kill him. Lenny has a visual memory, even though he must relearn daily who he has met and what he has learned since the incident, he still finds strength and is encouraged by the pow er of his tattoos to keep looking for John G. In the movie, tattoos have hidden meanings and help reveal and develop the character.One in particular, the â€Å"Remember Sammy Jankins† on Leonard’s hand, provides a miniature of the movie as a whole, as it has multiple meanings. Leonard believes that the tattoo is there to remind him that unlike Sammy, who has the same condition as him, he has a system and can therefore, control his ‘disease’. However, further in the movie we discover yet another hidden meaning in the tattoo. Sammy has never existed the way Leonard believes, in fact, the tattoo is a reminder that Lenny lies to himself, â€Å"not only the fiction of the cautionary tale of Sammy Jankins, but also of his inability to tell when people are lying† (Heuser, 2011).The tattoo represents Lenny’s lies and struggle to believe on what he wants to see as the truth, it unwinds a closer understanding of the protagonist giving meaning to the mo vie. Tattoos are essential for the flow and understanding of the story. They are introduced without many explanations, throughout the movie; however, different events and flashbacks allow the viewer to have a closer understanding of them. The viewer first discovers the various tattoos that cover Lenny’s body as he undresses in front of a mirror.In the same scene, â€Å"medium, close-up and point of view shots fragment Leonard’s body into readable tattooed statements which align the spectator’s knowledge with Leonard’s sense of being in the world† (Molloy, 2010). The viewer starts to slowly become familiar with the â€Å"facts† tattooed on the protagonist’s body and connect each tattoo to each other, making sense and framing the story. Leonard’s tattoos are essential in the progress of the framework story in Memento (2000), it is key in character development and it is a source of memory trigger for the protagonist.Leonard lies to himself, and his tattoos are simple excuses for him to believe on what he wants to be the truth, embracing his feelings of anger and revenge. Because he is covered in tattoos, â€Å"his subjectivity is made obvious, whereas culture and memories are literally inscribed onto him† (Blake, 2004); additionally, the lastingness of tattooing is what helps trap Leonard in his limitless search for his wife’s murderer.No matter what happens, Lenny wakes up every day, facing the â€Å"facts† and goes off on his search. Therefore, tattooing his body helps Leonard accept the murder and enhances his feelings of anger influencing his unstoppable search for revenge. Leonard is a locus of signs and his tattoos are important in the development of the story, making the final connection to what is believed to be the truth and the actual truth, reinforcing character development as well as the spectator’s identification with Lenny.Reference: Blake, L. (2004). Snapshots of M emento: Angles of Interpretation. George Washinton University. Heuser, D. (2011). Memento – What was this movie about again? Retrieved from: http://www. davidheuser. com/Memento. html (Feb 22, 2012). Todd, Jennifer (producer) & Nolan, Christopher (director). (2000). Memento. [Motion Picture]. (Available from Helkon, USA). Molloy, C. (2010). Memento. Adinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ?

Code of Ethics Essay

Introduction The organization’s code of ethics serves as a guide to its employees when making difficult decisions. Ethics helps professionals with their actions and practices that are directed to improve the welfare of people in an ethical way (Fremgen, 2009). An organization’s culture and mission statement also help its employees make ethical decisions. The Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) organization is the national public health organization that is committed to protect the health and safety of our nation. CDC’s mission statement focuses on to protect the health and safety of our communities through prevention strategies and control of disease. The mission statement motivates the employees to do their best to prevent diseases and infection. The code of ethics provides guidance to ensure that CDC employees avoid situations that could violate ethics law (CDC, 2013). The organization’s mission statement and culture reflect its ethical values. Organizat ion’s Goals and how they are tied to its ethical principles. The organization’s goals are to provide protection for our nation’s health and safety. The CDC has pledged to treat all human beings with dignity, honesty, and respect. They have also pledged to provide an environment for positive personal growth and integrity. The CDC provides employment for over 17,000 employees and they work to provide a diverse work environment where everyone is treated equally, respectfully, and with human dignity. The ethical principles tied to the organizational goals are autonomy and integrity. Everyone deserves to be treated with respect, and everyone deserves the truth. The CDC works to provide the most truthful information regarding disease, both treatment and prevention. They are using new technology to make access to information easier, as well as research becoming more scientific and in depth. It is important to the CDC that everyone in our  nation is provided with the most up to date information. Organization’s role and importance of the ethical values The CDC organization’s role is paramount to the continued health of this nation. The CDC has responsibilities toward everyone with in this country to provide education and protection about health and disease prevention. From an ethical stand point the CDC uses the theory of utilitarianism which is basically doing the most good for the greatest number of people. With the CDC, a team of nurses, doctors and scientists do their best day in and day out to do oversee the nation’s ongoing health hazards by providing proven research and constant breakthroughs to the public. Also with the CDC being a federally funded agency under the department of health and human services, the healthcare organization must practice ethical behaviors with one which is justice â€Å"Fairness in all our actions with other people. It means that we must carefully analyze how to balance our behavior and be fair to all. Justice implies that the same rules will apply to everyone (Fremgen, 2009).† With their use of technological advancements no single person or persons are given more or less information and or protection from illnesses or disabilities. The other must be responsibility, responsibility is a sense of accountability for one’s actions. Responsibility implies dependability. A sense of responsibility can become weakened when one is faced with peer pressure. Medical professionals must be able to answer or be accountable for their actions (Fremgen, 2009).† Since this organization is federally funded it has a duty to every American to follow through with every part of their mission statement for a healthier and well safeguarded nation. â€Å"Detecting and responding to new and emerging health threats (Centers for Disease Control, 2013).† This means that as healthcare organization workers are working around the clock to prevent new illness while trying to make old illness a thing of the past. Operating on the fact that if one is human and is part of t his country then they have a right to protection from emerging health dangers. Relationship between the organization’s culture and ethical decision-making The Organizational Culture revolves around creating a work environment where employee health and safety is valued, supported and promoted through workplace health programs policies, benefits, and environmental changes (CDC, 2013). In order to achieve this goal the CDC  promotes positive health based programs both in communities and places of employment. If employers create a healthier workplace then not only will it decrease the likelihood that employees will have to miss work due to injury or illness, it will also ensure higher productivity from staff. If companies enact policies and procedures that support health it will make that company more attractive place to work for both existing employees and potential new employees. The five main categories that CDC recommends offering health information and care for employees are behavioral health, health screening, mental health, injury, and adult immunizations (CDC, 2013). Providing services for things like depression, alcohol and substance abuse, smoking cessation, and nutrition courses will help provide overall better lives for employees which will result in having more highly motivated productive workers while they are on the job.. Some ideas for promoting a healthier workplace to lower obesity would be offering lunches to employees to purchase that consist of fresh fruits, vegetables, and salads. Employers can put together exercise groups or offer reimbursement to employees who obtain gym memberships and attend at least four days a week. Importance of the organization’s ethical values supporting your ethical values It is important that the ethical values of an organization support the ethical values of its members/staff. Without the support and understanding of ethics in the workplace, situations can become incredibly hard for not only the staff but also for the patients involved. The principles and values mentioned in oaths and declarations form the basis for ethical practices in health care. â€Å"Despite differences, these works often emphasize several common value orientations or ethical principles, including beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, respect for patient autonomy, and confidentiality.† (Gabel, 2011) As a rebirth of interest in medicinal ethics is not only a positive influence for patients, but is also very crucial to all medical staff members. Research has been collected to suggest that medical professionals, particularly physicians, often have a rising burnout rate when they perceive that the ethics and values they stand by are not the same as the organization they are connected to and work with. Doctors and other medical staff personnel who are faced with overwhelming working conditions, negative influences to their own morals, are most likely attend to these situations in different methods in attempting to save  his/her personal resources. â€Å"However, overwhelming work demands or conflicts involving basic values make increased stress, diminished or depleted resources, and more likely causes burnout. (Gabel, 2011) To not accept low-paying patients because of government insurance, such as Medicaid, could be considered unethical. Even though a code of ethics can form a bas eline for unethical behavior, such behavior should be viewed as unethical in the first place. When employees share the same values they will react the same when such problems arise. It is not farfetched to assume that organizations will run smoother when its workforce agrees on what is moral behavior and what is not, at least with respect to the conduct of business. Social Responsibility for CDC in the community The social responsibilities for this organization in the community are to continually inform and educate the people of the importance in preventing the conditions that may affect them as a whole. According from the Public Health Reports, â€Å"Understanding the multilevel and overlapping nature of these epidemic, and their social and structural determinants, is the key to designing and implementing more effective prevention programs† (Dean & Fenton. 2010). An example of what this organization is socially responsible for is when they are dealing with individuals who are affected by HIV, Viral hepatitis, STIs, and TB. They are responsible for informing an individual with how to properly go about their disease or infections, they are provided the information they need that includes how to overcome being socially impaired due to their conditions, and they are also offered interventions to help them cure or proper treatments of their condition. According to the Report of the National Expert Panel from the CDC website, they have made suggestions like opening both a YMCA and health clinics in housing communities to help promote health. They also suggested that they train more community activists that can serve as advocates in the community for healthy families and also to open book banks and create walking paths. They also suggested that the CDC can help the communities by investigating social determinant of health, help develop community-based systems that help with health disparities and also to use more evidence based programs in the schools. Conclusion CDC is the nation’s leading public health agency that protects the health and safety of the members of our community. The organization uses ethical approach when serving the nation. CDC has a culture that supports and develops ethical practices, raising staff awareness, and tools to analyze ethical issues (CDC, 2013). The organization follows the policy of Code of Federal Regulations provided by U.S. Health and Human Services in any research involving human subjects. CDC has many research centers to conduct prevention research to prevent and control chronic and acute diseases. References Centers for Disease Control. (2013). Mission Statement, Public Health Ethics, Workplace Health Ethics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov Dean, Hazel D ScD, MPH and Fenton, Kevin A MD, PhD. (2010). Public Health Reports. Addressing Social Determinants of Health in the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles Finegan, J. (1994). The impact of personal values on judgments of ethical behavior in the Workplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 13(9), 747. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview Fremgen, B. F. (2009). Medical law and ethics (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Gabel, S. (2011). Ethics and Values in Clinical Practice: Whom Do They Help? Mayo Clinic proceeding 86(5):421-424. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles Recommendations for future efforts in community health promotion. Report of the National expert Panel on Community Health Promotion. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/pdf/community

Anxious Wealth Money And Morality Among China s New...

Assignment One: Urban ethnography book review. Anxious Wealth: Money and Morality Among China’s New Rich, by John Osburg Main argument: 507 Anxious Wealth is an ethnographic book that explores the background networking strategies of Chengdu’s powerful elite group of entrepreneurs, professionals, and government officials. Themes covered include recreational habits such as gambling, banqueting, drinking, uniting with female hostesses, and a range of other unexpectedly significant facets of relationships that may result in exchanges of mutual advantage. Osburg argues these networks as being central (and at times, corrosive) forces in political, economic, and social life in China, and also informative on the origins, workings, and maintenance of corruption, as well as class and gender inequality. These relationships organise more than just business ventures, also orientating personal morality and performance in hierarchical social status. Through the ethnography, Osburg shows the dominating powers of these networks, especially where business to government official ties are concerned. These non-commodifiable ties of blood and sentiment (through shared sexual experiences, for example) are highly valued in a society where monetised bribes are so prevalent (83). This, Osburg argues, is commonly known, and embodied by businessmen such as informant Mr. Chen who upon discussing his networks, stated â€Å"...in China, there is no law. Relationships are the law.† (77). 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Read Emma Watsons 2016 U.N. Speech on Gender Equality

Actress Emma Watson, a United Nations Goodwill Ambassador, has used her fame and activism to shine a spotlight on gender inequality and sexual assault at universities and colleges around the world. In September 2016, the Harry Potter star delivered a speech about the gender double standards that many women encounter when they study and work at universities.   This address was a followup to a speech she made two years earlier after launching a gender equality initiative called HeForShe at the U.N. headquarters in New York. Then, she focused on global gender inequality and the role that  men and boys must play to fight for justice for girls and women. Her 2016 speech echoed these concerns while specifically focusing on sexism in academia. Speaking Out for Women A feminist, Emma Watson used her September 20, 2016, appearance at the U.N. to announce the publication of the first  HeForShe IMPACT 10x10x10 University Parity Report. It documents the pervasiveness of gender inequality across the globe and the commitment 10 university presidents made to fight this problem. During her speech, Watson linked the gender disparities on college campuses to the widespread problem of sexual violence that many women experience while pursuing higher education. She said: Thank you all for being here for this important moment.  These men from all over the world have decided to make gender equality a priority in their lives and in  their universities. Thank you for making this commitment. I graduated from university four years ago. I had always dreamed of going and I know how fortunate I am to have had the opportunity to do so. Brown [University] became my home, my community, and I took the ideas and the experiences I had there into all of my social interactions, into my workplace, into my politics, into all aspects of my life. I know that my university experience shaped who I am, and of course, it does for many people. But what if our experience at university shows us that women dont belong in leadership? What if it shows us that, yes, women can study, but they shouldnt lead a seminar? What if, as still in many places around the world, it tells us that women dont belong there at all? What if, as is the case in far too many universities, we are given the message that sexual violence isnt actually a form of violence? But we know that if you change students experiences so they have different expectations of the world around them, expectations of equality, society will change. As we leave home for the first time to study at the places that we have worked so hard to get, we must not see or experience double standards. We need to see equal respect, leadership, and pay. The university experience must tell women that their brain power is valued, and not just that, but that they belong among the leadership of the university itself. And so importantly, right now, the experience must make it clear that the safety of women, minorities, and anyone who may be vulnerable is a right and not a privilege. A right that will be respected by a community that believes and supports survivors. And that recognizes that when one persons safety is violated, everyone feels that their own safety is violated. A university should be a place of refuge that takes action against all forms of violence. Thats why we believe that students should leave university believing in, striving for, and expecting societies of true equality. Societies of true equality in every sense, and that universities have the power to be a vital catalyst for that change. Our ten impact champions have made this commitment and with their work we know they will inspire students and other universities and schools across the world to do better. Im delighted to introduce this report and our progress, and Im eager to hear whats next. Thank you so much. Reaction to Watsons Speech Emma Watsons 2016 U.N. speech on gender equality on college campuses has netted more than 600,000 YouTube views. In addition, her words garnered headlines from publications such as Fortune, Vogue, and Elle. Since the actress, a Brown University graduate, gave her speech, new challenges have emerged. In 2016, Watson was hopeful that the United States would elect its first female president. Instead, voters elected Donald Trump, who appointed Betsy DeVos as his education secretary. DeVos has overhauled how colleges respond to sexual assault claims, making procedures more difficult for victims, her critics argue. They say the proposed changes to Obama-era educational policies will make women more vulnerable on college campuses.

Aid, Policy And Growth - 1601 Words

Larry L. Day Aid, Policy and Growth: The Case of St. Lucia Abstract This paper takes a look at aid, policy and growth literature using data from St. Lucia, a country that received $24,000,000 US dollars in 2014. Our findings suggest that aid, in the presence of sound economic policy, does not contribute to growth in St. Lucia. However, this study does find statistical evidence to suggest that democratic governance and openness and monetary policy does impact the effectiveness of aid in St. Lucia. Politics, Governance and institutions in St. Lucia Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm; Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of State, represented on the island by a Governor-General. Executive power, however, is in the hands†¦show more content†¦Today, there is a tremendous amount of literature on the relationship between aid and growth (Hudson, 2004). McGilivray provides a recent comprehensive survey of the theoretical and empirical literature on foreign aid and growth. (McGillivray, 2006) A study conducted by McGillivray demonstrates how aid to African countries not only increases growth but also reduces poverty. Furthermore, the author points out the important fact that continuously growing poverty, mainly in sub-Saharan African countries, compromises the MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) main target of dropping the percentage of people living in extreme poverty to half the 1990 level by 2015. His research econometrically analyzes empirical, time series data for 1968-1999. The paper concludes that the policy regimes of each country, such as inflation and trade openness, influence the amounts of aid received. (McGillivray, 2006). Ouattara (Ouattara, 2006) analyzes the effects of aid flows on key fiscal aggregates in Senegal. The paper utilizes data over the period of 1970 – 2000 and primarily focuses on the interaction between aid and debt. The author determined three main outcomes of his study. First, that a large portion of aid flows, approximately 41%, are used to finance Senegal’s debt and 20% of the government’s resources are

Comparing Ways Poets Have Written About Love English Literature Essay free essay sample

The verse form I will discourse in this essay are: My Last Duchess and Porphyria s Lover as my primary comparings and The Passionate Shepherd and The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd as my secondary verse form. Both of my primary verse forms have been written by Robert Browning. Robert Browning lived from 1812-1889 and he was married to Elizabeth Barrett, another good known poet. Browning s manner of composing reflects the epoch he lived in. Browning s dramatic soliloquies are verse forms in which the words non merely convey puting and action but besides reveal the talker s character. The Passionate Shepherd to his Love was written by Christopher Marlowe who lived from 1564-1593. Marlowe was from Canterbury and he went to analyze in Cambridge and he may hold even been involved in espionage. Marlowe had an interesting but unhappily really short life as a consequence of a suspected bash in a tap house. Some people think that he did non decease in the tap house but he went to populate in Europe, some people besides think that he may hold written some of Shakespeare s work as Marlowe was besides a good known dramatist at the clip. The Nymph s Reply to the Shepherd was written by Sir Walter Raleigh in response to Marlowe s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love . Sir Walter Raleigh was a close intimate of Queen Elizabeth I and his answer to Marlowe s verse form was demoing him being realistic about love and outlooks of love. In both poems a cardinal character refers to the slaying of their married woman or lover. In the verse form it is through their descriptions of this action that the characters are conveyed. In Porphyria s lover the adult males character and presence appears concealed in a province of oblivion until Porphyria arrives I listened with bosom tantrum to interrupt this gives an feeling that he is obsessional about Porphyria and has no control over his life and that the storyteller has strong emotions towards his love. It is Porphyria s presence that lights up his life. It is she who murmurs how she loved me in other words Porphyria appears to be the active spouse. It is Porphyria who is doing the picks. He sees himself when run intoing with Porphyria as silent and passive. When no voice replied she put my arm about her waist , which suggests that she is commanding his actions. It is besides relevant that we know this supporter as Porphyria s Lover he does non even hold his ain name. W hen he is certain that Porphyria worshipped him my bosom swelled and this makes him determined to take control and do her mine it is merely at this point he is able to be active, and this is when he strangles her. It is as if by making so he retrieves himself to experience like a adult male. It is merely after her decease that he can experience content. It is as if he is a character in a fairy narrative and has rescued Porphyria from an evil enchantment. By killing her he has saved her. He is certain that she would be glad it has its uttermost will he still sees this slaying as an action done for her her darling one want would be heard the reader is still unsure as to the talker s ain want, to kill his love or pin down her forever. In a sense he does non look to understand that he has murdered Porphyria. But sees that she has killed herself and he is passively accepting the state of affairs. The supporter s logical thinking makes sense to him, he appears at times exulting. He i s certain that he has power over this adult female as her lover to make up ones mind whether she lives or dies, as so does the duke in My last Duchess , nevertheless, whereas the lover in Porphyria s lover appears weak and wants to recover power the duke is in absolute control. It becomes clear merely in line 45 that the duke gave bids and killed his first married woman. The duke is talking to the minister plenipotentiary of the count who has come to set up the duke s following matrimony and the duke is anticipating a dowery. The fact that the duke is ready to acknowledge that he killed his first married woman because she was excessively nice confirms that the duke is confident that he is above the jurisprudence. It is chilling that the minister plenipotentiary is prepared to sell this immature miss to a liquidator. The duke says .the counts munificence/ is ample warrant that no merely pretension of mine for dowery will be disallowed . This barely disguises his greed and material istic grounds for get marrieding. He is unconvincing when he says that it is his just girl s ego that is his object . Worryingly this future married woman sounds as if she will fall in the other objects in his art gallery as an object . The duke wants for entire control and is happier uncovering a picture of his last married woman than her world. He makes the point that no 1 can open the drape but him and so he has power over the image. The emotion he feels seldom breaks through. He appears wholly cold. In contrast to Porphyria s lover who is unprompted, the duke appears to move intentionally and carefully. His choler surfaces as he describes his last duchess s reaction to an officious sap who dared to offer her a clump of cherries. The duke is outraged by his married woman and expects his hearer to hold. He is most pained that she smiled at retainers as if she ranked my gift of a nine-hundred twelvemonth old name with anyone s gift . From this comment we see that he sees his p osition as most of import. He has a really fixed thought of how he and his married woman should act ; he will non stoop and believes merely inquiring his married woman non to smile would be stooping . The duke is so pretentious that he feels uncomfortable in inquiring person to halt stooping He would prefer her dead. Both these verse forms manage to give a really strong sense of the characters of the adult females they have killed. Both adult females appear faultless. The trigger for Porphyria s lover to strangle Porphyria is when he realises that she loves him. Porphyria enters her lover s bungalow and makes it warm ; she attempts to do him comfy. She acts more like the adult male in the relationship, her hair is moist and she has been outside enduring the cold and wet, whereas he has been indoors waiting for her. The functions are reversed, it is she who murmurs how she loves him. In contrast the duchess appears feminine. As the duke criticizes this adult female, the reader is convinced of her comeliness, to easy impressed . It is as if the duke is falsifying linguistic communication as honest and good words earnest a bosom excessively shortly made sword lily are turned into bad. She is non a prig and does non value herself harmonizing to her name. Whilst Porphyria s lover believes his sla ying to be Porphyria s dearest want , the duke has no involvement in his duchess s want. The thought procedures of the duke and the lover are suggested in the verse form through punctuation. Punctuation creates interruptions and run on lines. In My Last Duchess the punctuation seldom agrees with the beat or rime. This makes the rime and beat less obvious. It sounds more like a address than verse though in fact he speaks in riming pairs and utilizing iambic pentameter. In line 25 for illustration sir, twas all one! My favor at her chests, / the dropping of the twenty-four hours light in the West, / the bow of cherries some interfering fool/ broke in the orchid for her. Here the punctuation varies and the interruptions are non predictable. So they interrupt the formal beat of the verse form. This makes it clear the emotion he seeking to mask through his formal address. The beat and rime in Porphyria s Lover is much more evident and the interruptions less frequent. As we read we are lulled by the beat which is besides iambic. It is as if we are sing the music construct up in a horror film and all of a sudden he says and strangled her the knock of the horror hits you, the rime is broken and the interruption in the line interrupts the beat. This confirms the talker s agitated province. Having killed her, the beat returns to its hypnotic iambic round, which contrasts with his hideous action. The horror of the actions of both supporters is made more convincing by the strong feelings given of the topographic point. In Porphyria s Lover the outside tears the elm tops down for malice . The conditions is cruelly destructive which reflects the lover s ain temper. The bungalow that he sits in rapidly warms up when Porphyria enters. Again the house reflects his ain temper. The Duke and the envoy sit in the Duke s gallery and expression at the art. He points in the beginning to a picture of his married woman and the terminal of the verse form in the same tone points at a sculpture of Neptune. This shows that he looks at his married woman as holding the same importance as his art. Though both the duke and the lover kill their lovers they do so for different grounds. The duke because he does non wish his married woman plenty, as he is Obs and has paranoia over his married woman, and the lover because he loves her excessively much. However both the duke and the lover appear mad. He loved her so much that he go haunted she s mine, mine mine which led him to go brainsick and from going loony he convinced himself that by killing her he was assisting her. Contrastingly, the duke had trouble in get bying with the attitude and personality of his married woman. The duke is really cold he gave commands he did nt even care about killing her he does non see her as homo. He says then all smilings stopped together and so he was satisfied. In The Passionate Shepherd to his Love , Christopher Marlowe instantly shows his stance on his place with his love, Come live with me . This shows merely how eager the shepherd is and so there is a intermission where he goes on to state, aˆÂ ¦and be my love . This is more of a soft tone and softens what has merely been said. In the following line there are two utilizations of initial rhyme, And we will all the pleasances proveaˆÂ ¦ , and the w s and p s add a persuasive definite feel to the poetry. In the last two lines of this stanza, Marlowe lists all the things the Nymph and the shepherd will make together, and by naming them, he is doing it look as though there is an astonishing assortment of landscape to bask. These countries he is naming are all dramatic, natural pleasances and have non been changed by adult male, nil is unreal. When it says, aˆÂ ¦or steepy mountain outputs . The shepherd is demoing that there is an excess sense of freedom and that to gether, the Nymph and himself will bask the natural beauties. The pastoral nature of this verse form shows the tradition of love and shepherd s. The verse form was really successful at the clip because many people related love and the countryside. The Nymph s Reply to Marlowe s verse form is instead flooring. She starts by altering what the shepherd has merely said to what she thinks is world. In the first line, If all the worldaˆÂ ¦ , the Nymph uses the word if as this shows her interior negative dubious feelings about what the shepherd has merely offered. The following line starting, And truth in every shepherd s lingua , shows that the Nymph is connoting that work forces lie and the shepherd is lying to her. She thinks that everything that the shepherd is stating is unreal and bogus and she is seeking to do him see sense. The immature lady speaks sardonically about pretty pleasances , which are words, which she has taken from the shepherd s verse form, but has twis ted them. This is meant to be sarcastic, but without being excessively acrimonious, nevertheless, she is stating it with a sense of sorrow that it is non true. I think that the immature lady would truly wish to populate like that. Besides in pretty pleasances there is an initial rhyme of the p as this emphasises her negative temper by reiterating the initial rhyme that Marlowe used. Raleigh so uses, might me travel , and this is once more based on what the shepherd said. May move and may thee moveaˆÂ ¦ , here there is besides a instance of initial rhyme but with a negative feel from the Nymph, underscoring her uncertainty and sorrow. At the terminal of this line there is an enjambement, as the poet wants there to be a streamlined consequence, to underscore the procedure of traveling in with the shepherd. This highlights the irony and the fact that she will non be populating with him. Raleigh so finishes with, aˆÂ ¦and be my love , as this mimics the beginning of t he shepherd s verse form and underscores that the Nymph is stating she will non be his love. These verse forms are about love but deviant or pervert the thought that love is good. Porphyria s lover s obsessional love where he wants to sublimate his love by taking her life gives a sense that love is destructive instead than good. The duke does non look capable of love and does non anticipate love but because his married woman is capable of loving him and the remainder of the universe he feels bitterness. The Passionate Shepherd to his Love shows true but idealistic love nevertheless the Nymph s Reply quashes the love by being a realist and by stating that the love the shepherd wants is non possible.