Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Further option for chinas farmland reform(chinese translation included) :: essays research papers

Alternatives for Further Reform in China's Farmland System from "Report of a pilot concentrate on neediness, land surrender and country institutions", delivered by the Department of International Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China, as a team with the FAO Rural Development Division THE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUE in the arrangement of China's current rustic farmland framework fixates on vagueness in the meaning of land proprietorship rights. Notwithstanding specifications in the Constitution and Land Management Law, determining that country land is possessed by the aggregate, it is by and by hazy which of the "three levels of proprietorship'' in the group - People's Communes, creation units and creation gatherings - is alluded to. Besides, regardless of whether it had assigned the proprietorship to a specific level in the group, the issue would again rise up out of the absence of an away from of the group and its enrollment. Added to this vagueness in the responsibility for is the deficiency of the chief land property right, as the State has the power to discard the land, while the rancher involves the rental pay, bringing about a channel ashore income and challenges in land flow. Ãâ€"à Ã¢ ¹Ã£ ºÃ£ Ã£â€"Â'㠦⠵ã„ã…  ©Ã¢'㠥ã…  ©Ã£Å"㠯ãÅ"㠥㠏⠵⠵ã„⠽⠨㠁⠢ãâ€"à Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ¹Ã£ËœÃ¢ ¼Ã£ ¼Ã£Å¾Ã£Å¡Ã£Å"㠢ããšããšã Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã£'㠥ã‰ã Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ²Ã¢ »Ã£Æ'㠷ãˆâ ·[ã„⠣ã€ã ¢Ã£ Ã¢ ½Ã¢ ¿Ã£â€°]⠡⠣⠾⠡⠹ãÅ"㠏ãÅ"⠷⠨⠺㠍㠍㠁⠵ã˜â ¹Ã£Å"ã€ã ­Ã¢ ·Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£Å"㠵⠿㠮ãâ€" ¸Ã£Æ'㠷㠁ã‹ã…  ©Ã¢'㠥㠍㠁⠵ã˜ãšã‡â ¼Ã¢ ¯Ã£Å"㠥ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£Ë†Ã¢ »Ã¢ ¶Ã£ ¸Ã£Ë†Ã£ ½Ã¢ ¸Ã£ ¶Ã£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ ²Ã£ £Ã¢'ãžâ ¡Ã¢ °Ã£Ë†Ã£â€¹Ã£Æ'㠱⠹⠫ã‰ã §Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€°Ã£ ºÃ¢ ²Ã£ ºÃ¢'㠳⠶ã⠣⠬ã‰ã ºÃ¢ ²Ã£ ºÃ£ Ã¢ ¡Ã¢ ¶Ã£Ã¢ ¡Ã¢ ±Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£â€" ¸Ã¢ ²Ã¢ ¢Ã¢ ²Ã¢ »Ã£Æ'㠷ãžã ºÃ¢ ¡Ã¢ £Ã¢'ã‹ã Ã£ ¢Ã¢ ¼Ã¢'ãšâ ¹Ã£â€¹Ã£ ¼Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¨Ã£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ £Ã¢ ©Ã¢ ±Ã¢ »Ã£â€" ¸Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ¢ ½Ã£ Ã£â€¹Ã£'⠻⠸㠶ãÅ"ã˜â ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ ²Ã£ £Ã¢'ãžâ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ¼Ã¢ ¯Ã£Å"㠥⠣â ¬ ãã‰ããšâ ¼Ã¢ ¯Ã£Å"㠥⠼⠰ã†ã ¤Ã¢ ³Ã£â€°Ã£Ã¢ ±Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ±Ã£â€°Ã£â„¢Ã£Æ'㠷ãˆâ ·Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ·Ã¢ ¶Ã£Å¾Ã¢ §Ã¢ ½Ã£ §Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£Å¾Ã£Å¡Ã£Å"㠢⠻⠹ãšã‡â »Ã£ ¡Ã¢ ³Ã£ ¶Ã£ Ã£â€" ¡Ã¢ £Ã£Ã¢ ­Ã£Ã£ ²Ã£â€°Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ²Ã¢ »Ã£ Ã£ ªÃ£â€¢Ã£ »Ã£ Ã£Ã£'⠲⠼ãã‡â ¿Ã£ Ã£â€¹Ã£â€¢Ã£ ¢Ã£â€"Ãâ€" ²Ã¢ »Ã£Æ'㠷ãˆâ ·Ã£ Ã£Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ ±Ã£Ë†Ã£Ë†Ã£ §Ã¢ ¹Ã£ ºÃ¢ ¼Ã£'ã㠐ãˆâ ¨Ã£â€" ªÃ£Ë†Ã£Æ'㠍㠁⠵ã˜â £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ µÃ¢ «Ã£Å¡Ã£â€¡Ã£â€¦  ©Ã£Æ'㠱ã•â ¼Ã£Ã£ Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¨Ã£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ¢ ±Ã¢ »Ã¢ £Ã¢ ©Ã£â€"à ¢Ã£Ã£Æ'⠵ã„ãšã•ãˆã «Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ µÃ¢ ¼Ã£â€"Â㠁ã‹ã Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ£â€¹Ã¢ °Ã£Å¡Ã£â€¢Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ¿Ã£ Ã¢ ½Ã£Ã¿Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ£ Ã£ ·Ã£ Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£â‚¬Ã¢ §Ã£â€žÃ£'⠡â £ In this way, it is important to survey the entire procedure of changes in the farmland framework and locate the right purpose of flight for change. Truth be told, such issues as libertarian control of land, dispersed land the board, flimsiness in farmland agreements and absence of course or proficiency have all come about because of a questionable land possession. When the land proprietor is unmistakably characterized and the key property rights attested, at that point, the farmland's administration, deal, renting (counting ranchers' contracting of aggregate land and re-contracting of their contracted land), acquiring and removal as blessing - all these and different issues of the executives and course would be handily settled. Ã'㠲â'ã‹â £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ »Ã£ËœÃ¢ ¹Ã£â€¹Ã£â€¢Ã£ »Ã¢ ¸Ã£ ¶Ã£â€¦  ©Ã£Å"㠯ãÅ"㠥㠏⠵⠵ã„⠱㠤⠻⠯⠹㠽⠳ãÅ"⠺㠍ã•ã'⠵⠽ã'⠻⠸㠶⠸ã„⠸㠯⠵ã„ã•ã ½Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ·Ã¢ ³Ã£ ¶Ã¢ ·Ã¢ ¢Ã¢ µÃ£ £Ã£Å¡Ã£â€¡Ã¢ ºÃ£Å"⠱ã˜ã'⠪⠵ã„⠡⠣ãšã‚ãšâ µÃ£â€°Ã£ Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€¢Ã£ ¢Ã£ Ã¢ ©Ã£Å¾Ã£Å¡Ã£Å"㠢⠣⠬⠱ãˆãˆã §Ã£â€ Ã¢ ½Ã¢ ¾Ã£ ¹Ã¢ ·Ã£â€"Ã… à ¤Ã£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ ·Ã£â€"É⠢⠵ã„㠍㠁⠵ã˜â ¹Ã£Å"ã€ã ­Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ²Ã¢ »Ã£Å¾Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã£ Ã£Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã£ ·Ã£ Ã¢ ¨Ã£'ã⠼⠰㠐⠧ã„ãÅ"⠵ã„⠲⠻ãâ€"à £Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¼Ã£Å¡Ã£â€¡Ã£Ã£â€°Ã£'⠻⠸㠶ã„⠣⠺㠽⠲⠻ã‡ã ¥Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ ²Ã£ ºÃ£â€°Ã£ ºÃ¢ µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ¡Ã¢ £Ã£'⠻⠵⠩㠍㠁⠵ã˜ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£â€¢Ã£Ã¿Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ·Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€ Ã£ ¤Ã£Ã¢ ­Ã£Ã£ ²Ã£â€°Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£â€¹Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ£Æ'⠵⠽ãˆâ ·Ã£Ë†Ã£ Ã¢ £Ã ¢ ¬Ã£Ë†Ã¢ »Ã¢ ºÃ£ ³Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬ Ã…  ©Ã£Å"㠯⠵ã„⠹ãÅ"ã€ã ­Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€šÃ£ ²Ã£â€šÃ£'⠣⠬ãâ€"à ¢Ã£ Ã£Å¾Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ °Ã£ ¼Ã£â‚¬Ã¢ ¨Ã£â€¦  ©Ã£Æ'㠱ã‡â ©Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ©Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ ¬Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¡Ã¢ µÃ£Æ'⠼⠯ãÅ"㠥㠍㠁⠵ã˜â ºÃ£ Ã¢ ¸Ã¢'ã‡â ©[ãã™ã‡â ©Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£â€" ªÃ£â€¡Ã¢ ©]ã'ã'⠾⠭ã‡â ©Ã¢ ¹Ã£ ½Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£ Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£ËœÃ¢ £Ã¢ ©Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£'ã… Â'⠫⠺㠍â'⠦ã€ã ­Ã£Å¾Ã¢ ªÃ£Ã£ ¹Ã£Ã£ «Ã£Å¾Ã£ ¯ - Ë㠹ã㠐ã•ã ¢Ã£ Ã¢ ©Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£â€ Ã£ ¤Ã£â€¹Ã£ »Ã£'⠻㠐⠩⠹ãÅ"ã€ã ­Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£ Ã£ ·Ã£ Ã¢ ¨Ã£â€°Ã£ Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£Å¾Ã£Å¡Ã£Å"㠢⠽⠫⠻㠡ã⠭ãˆã Ã¢ ¶Ã£ ¸Ã¢ ½Ã£ ¢Ã¢ ¡Ã¢ £ Adhering to and consummating aggregate possession  ¼Ã£ ¡Ã¢ ³Ã£â€"à Ã£ ªÃ£â€°Ã£â€ Ã¢ ¼Ã¢ ¯Ã£Å"㠥ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£â€"Æ Regarding the heading of future change in China's rustic farmland proprietorship, there have been questionable perspectives from scholastic circles and the agrarian part, both of whom have approached with various thoughts. These incorporate the nationalization of country farmland, change and improvement of the current aggregate responsibility for land, private responsibility for just as an arrangement of blended proprietorship. Ãâ€"à Ã£Ã£Å¡Ã£â€"à Ã¢ ¹Ã£ ºÃ£â€¦  ©Ã£Å"㠯ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£Ë†Ã¢ ¨Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£Å¾Ã¢'ã€â'⠸ã„⠸㠯⠷⠽㠏㠲⠣⠬ã㠐ã€â'ãâ€"Ãã'⠧ãšã µÃ¢ ½Ã£ §Ã¢ µÃ£â€žÃ£Ã£ Ã£â€¢Ã£ ¹Ã£'㠩⠵ã„⠸㠷ãâ€"Ãâ€" ¼Ã£ »Ã¢ ½Ã£ ¢Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£â€¦  ©Ã£'⠵⠲⠿⠵ã„⠹ã›â µÃ£ £Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã£ Ã¢ ½Ã£â€¢Ã£Ã¿Ã¢ ¶Ã¢ ¼Ã¢'㠸ã€â'⠸㠷ãâ€"Ã⠲⠻㠍⠬⠵ã„㠐㠭⠶ã ã'㠢⠼㠻⠡⠣ã†ã ¤Ã£â€"à Ã¢ °Ã£ ¼Ã£â‚¬Ã¢ ¨Ã£â€¦  ©Ã¢'㠥㠍㠁⠵ã˜â µÃ£â€žÃ¢ ¹Ã£ ºÃ£Ã£ Ã¢ »Ã¢ ¯Ã¢ £Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ ¸Ã£â€žÃ¢ ¸Ã£ ¯Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã¢ ¸Ã£â€žÃ¢ ½Ã£ ¸Ã£ Ã£â€"Â'㠦⠵ã„ã…  ©Ã¢'㠥㠍㠁⠵ã˜â ¼Ã¢ ¯Ã£Å"㠥ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£â€"Æ⠣⠬ã‹â ½Ã£Ë†Ã£â€¹Ã£â€¦  ©Ã£Å"㠯ã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£â€"Æ⠣⠬ã'ã⠼⠰ã'⠻ãâ€"Ãâ€" »Ã£ ¬Ã¢ ºÃ£ Ã£â€"Æã‹ã ¹Ã£Ã£ Ã£â€"Æ⠵ã„ãÅ"㠥㠏⠵⠡â £ In light of the qualities of China's rustic land assets and its kin land relationship, the bearing of change in the nation's provincial land framework ought to be the journey for a type of aggregate open possession portrayed by another relationship in property rights (under the precondition of the aggregate open responsibility for) to upgrade the clearness in the relationship of aggregate land property rights.

No comments:

Post a Comment

Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.